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Reporter learned from the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses on June 13 that, starting from June 13, 2009, the Qin Terracotta Warriors Pit began its third major excavation. After a year of careful cleaning, the archaeological team at the museum has uncovered a wealth of significant relics. In addition to pottery figurines, terracotta horses, bronze weapons, and wooden chariots, they have also discovered numerous textile materials. These findings provide invaluable physical evidence for the study of silk and other fabrics during the Qin and Han dynasties.
The excavation site is located in the central area of Pit No. 1, within a 200-square-meter zone approved by China's State Administration of Cultural Heritage. The excavation focused heavily on retrieving detailed materials. Through meticulous cleaning and microscopic photography of fabric remnants found inside drum rings and curtain traces, researchers have begun to count the weft and warp threads of different fabrics and collected samples for further analysis.
According to Zhang Tianzhu, deputy leader of the pit archaeology team at the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, three box-shaped devices were discovered during the cleanup. These rare artifacts are considered significant finds in the excavation of the Terracotta Army. Although these boxes appear to be made of wood, their clear shapes suggest they were lined with fabric and coated with multiple layers of lacquer. The mouth of the containers features a hard fabric bag, while the body is as thin as onion skin, likely made of bark. The fabric has a dense weave, resembling silk, and is covered with a thin layer of red, blue, and white patterns resembling clouds.
The craftsmanship of the bottom is exquisite, with a 45-degree seam around the edge and a narrow seam of just 3 mm. The naming, function, and nature of these items remain to be studied further.
In the cleaning of the wooden drums, a copper ring was found inside the fabric belt. The fabric’s tight weave suggests it may be silk, offering an important material for studying the history of silk in the Qin and Han dynasties. Experts noted that textile relics preserved in such conditions are extremely rare in Shaanxi archaeological sites. The discovery is considered a major breakthrough for the archaeological community, especially for the study of ancient textile techniques during the Qin Dynasty.