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On June 13, 2009, the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses announced the start of the third excavation at the Qin Terracotta Warriors Pit. After a year of meticulous cleaning, the museum's archaeological team has uncovered a wealth of significant relics. In addition to pottery figures, ceramic horses, bronze weapons, and wooden chariots, they have also discovered numerous textile fragments. These materials offer invaluable physical evidence for the study of silk and other fabrics during the Qin and Han dynasties.
The excavation site is located in the central area of Pit No. 1, within a 200-square-meter zone approved by China's State Administration of Cultural Heritage. The focus of the work has been on extracting detailed material samples. Through careful cleaning and microscopic photography, researchers have analyzed fabric remnants found inside drum rings and curtain traces. They have begun to count the weft and warp threads of different fabrics and collected samples for further examination.
According to Zhang Tianzhu, deputy leader of the pit archaeology team at the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, three box-like devices were discovered during the cleanup. These rare finds are considered significant for the excavation of the terracotta warriors. Although the boxes appear to be made of wood, their shapes are clearly defined, with fabric affixed and coated with multiple layers of lacquer. The mouth of the containers features a hard fabric bag, while the abdomen is as thin as an onion skin, likely made of bark. The fabric shows dense weave patterns, resembling silk, and is covered with a thin layer of red, blue, and white patterns that resemble clouds.
The craftsmanship of the bottom is exquisite, with a 45-degree seam around the edge and a fine 3 mm joint. The naming, use, and nature of these items remain to be studied further. During the cleaning of two wooden drums, a copper ring was found within the fabric belt. The tight weave suggests it may be silk, offering important insights into the textile history of the Qin and Han periods.
Experts noted that textile relics preserved in archaeological sites in Shaanxi are extremely rare. The discovery of these materials has shocked the archaeological community and holds great significance for understanding the textile traditions of the Qin Dynasty. This find not only adds to the historical record but also highlights the importance of continued research into ancient Chinese craftsmanship and daily life.