According to the research of Chinese jade expert Mr. Yang Boda, the development of Chinese jade is at least 10,000 years. The generations of jade are different from each other in different generations. The jade produced is of course different. Learn about the main shapes and jade carving styles of Chinese jade dynasties. Collection is very important. Neolithic: From the seven thousand years ago, the shape: jade axe, jade rush, jade shovel. Features: No work. Hongshan Culture: Six thousand years ago, the shape: jade pig dragon, jade dragon, jade, jade bird, jade cloud shape, jade, jade beast. Features: The surface of the jade is engraved with a negative line and a beast pattern. Liangzhu Culture: From 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, the shape: ç®, ç’§, ç’œ, tube, crown, and so on. Features: jade surface intaglio, animal face, human face, geometric shape. Spring and Autumn Warring States: Shape: six main etiquette jade articles: ç’§, åœ, ç®, ç’‹, ç¥, ç’œ. Others are ç‘, ç¬, ç°‹, å‹°, 觯, feather, 觞. Features: ç’§, a circular jade with holes in the middle, the middle hole is called “瑗â€, the middle hole is called “璧â€, and the middle between them is called “ringâ€, multi-element, a few strings , grain, peg, animal print, milk tart, moiré, dragon, crepe, bird, etc. ç®: The hollow cylindrical jade in the outer circle. "Zhou Li" records that Qi and Gui were used by the male princes of the princes, and they were used by the princes of the princes. At the same time, at that time, Li Litian, swearing the land. There are also fine lines in the outer shackles. åœ: The lower end is straight, and the upper end is sharp or flat rectangular jade piece. Similar to the stone axe, it is called “Pingshouguiâ€, and it is similar to Ge. Kyu is a must-have thing for the emperor and ministers at the ceremony. The size of Gui is different, and the identity of the owner is different. The use of Gui continued from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming Dynasty. The motifs of Gui are mainly human face, animal face, bird pattern, geometric ornamentation and so on. Hey: It’s awkward to cut the top of Gui’s side and cut it. "Zhou Li" contains: The role of ç’‹ is as follows: worship the god of the South; the celestial priest patrols, sacrifices the mountains and rivers; the princes hire women; from the military, the soldiers and so on. The enamel ornamentation is a simple line. Hu: Jade carvings carved with tiger stripes or carved into a tiger shape. In addition to the sacrifice of the gods of the West, Hu also used the soldiers. The pattern of amber is striped, knotted, scaled, grainy, and milky. Hu is the shape of the tiger. ç’œ: One third of ç’§. The shape has a fan shape, a semicircular shape, a half moon shape, and an arch shape. The ancient god used to worship the northern gods Xuanwu, widely used as a decoration. The enamel ornament is like a faucet. There are many tiger heads. There are also dragon-shaped and fish-shaped shapes. The surface is engraved with scales, moiré, bird patterns and triangles. Han Dynasty: In the Han Dynasty, jade clothes, jade grips, jade pillows, and jade swords appeared. In jade jade, jade dancers, jade eagle, jade bear, jade immortal, horseback riding, jade warding evil, jade seal, jade scorpion, and "Jiuyi" jade ( Eye cover, stuffy nose, earplugs, mouth, anal plug, genital plug), ladies shape in the Han Dynasty. Jade carving animals are also common in the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty jade is realistic, an anti-planar carving, replaced by a three-dimensional round carving, the carving method highlights the "Han Ba ​​Knife" and the double ditch grinding method (also known as "hairspring"). The Han dynasty jade carving reflected in the "Han Ba ​​Knife" is simple and clear. The Three Kingdoms, the Second Jin Dynasty, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties: The jade carving is mainly based on realism, and there are monsters in mythology such as monsters, ghosts, jade carvings, Buddha statues, and human beings. Yu Ruyi began in the Six Dynasties. éš‹, Tang, Five Dynasties, Ten Countries: The creation of gold and silverware into jade began with éš‹. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the main jade articles were rituals, utilities (including ornaments) and religious devices. In the Tang Dynasty jade, the common "ku", namely "jad belt decoration" and "jad belt plate", continued to the Qing Dynasty with jade ornaments. In addition, the Tang religion is prevalent, and there are also jade bodhisattvas, jade fa wheels, and jade flying days. Features: The utility model is mainly made up of round carvings, exquisite carvings and unique shapes. Song Dynasty: Due to the unification of the country in the Song Dynasty, the jade carving technique of the Tang Dynasty continued and developed. Song Huizong, who had excellent painting and calligraphy, also preferred jade. The jade carving industry gained greater development, and even the jade carving market and jade shop appeared. The jade and the use of jade are also moving from the nobles to the citizen and secular. A large number of jade articles with auspiciousness, warding off evil, religious color and practicality are displayed. The jade in the Song Dynasty appeared in the pen holder, the pen holder, the paperweight, and the pen wash in the four treasures of the jade. The jade wares of the Song Dynasty appeared antique, and a large number of jade carvings resembling the Warring States, Western Han Dynasty, Shang and Zhou Going to the market. Features: The structure of the imitation product is more round and exquisite, especially the “discrimination methodâ€. For example, the short lines with the length and the same line on the curved and circular lines are the basis for distinguishing the antique jade in the Song Dynasty. Yuan Dynasty: The jade articles of the Yuan Dynasty are more secular and decorative. Among them, two kinds of jade pendants are commonly used in the folk collections: the spring water jade and the autumn mountain jade. “Spring Water Jade†reflects the safari life of the nomadic people in the north. It is mainly represented by the phenomenon of grazing geese, the head of the geese, or the head of the geese, and the geese, swan, swan, lotus leaf As a layer, the leaves of the reed leaves, the lotus stems and the stalks are the first layer of the jade carving technique of “embossing under the flowersâ€. "Akiyama Jade" shows the scene of hunting in the northern minority. Features: "Akiyama Jade" adopts the method of tube drilling and hollowing out, and multi-directional punching, so that the works appear multiple levels. Ming Dynasty: The jade carving products are reduced, and the jade carving pattern has a large number of folk stories and auspicious figures. The life, secularization, and decoration are the mainstream of jade carving, and the jade carving craft pattern is more complicated. The rituals mainly include guilds and gongs. The guinea is a rectangle, with a large tweed pattern and a double-faced carving. In the Ming Dynasty, many new varieties were created: incense burners, stationery, box urns, tea sets, etc. During the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty, there was the “Jade of the Jade Hand†Lu Zigang, the jade brand produced by the latter, and the later known as the “Zigang Brandâ€. "Zigang Brand" has been cherished by future generations because of its fine workmanship and clear and elegant pictures. Features: Ming Dynasty jade carving pursues a style of smooth and expressive, jade articles are called “rough and brightâ€, “coarse†means no detail, and “big†is thick, which is a basis for distinguishing the jade articles of the Ming Dynasty today. Qing Dynasty: The development of Chinese jade articles reached the peak of the Qing Dynasty. Jade carving technology has been made for generations. The main varieties are furnishings, living utensils, stationery, auspicious and gift utensils, and religious utensils. In the early Qing Dynasty, the jade carving style followed the rules and was extremely fine, which was in sharp contrast with the Ming Dynasty's “roughnessâ€. In particular, Qianlong Emperor loves jade as life, and the Qing Dynasty court jade is wonderful. Features: The jade carvings of the Qing Dynasty are extremely rich in images, and there are images of exotic styles. The technology creates openwork, high relief and various shapes. Characteristics: The ancient jade of the Qing Dynasty also appeared in large numbers, mainly the imitation rituals, the ancient jewels, the ancient furnishings and so on. There are many imitations of jade, many grain, embossed, deformed dragon, mostly decorated. The pieces are more antique, the block and the chicken heart after the Han, and also made the ancient jade.
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